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The "classical air-crescent sign"
Diagnosis- fungal ball or Aspergilloma!!!
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November 2004
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Classic appearance of a neurogenic bladder- known as "pine-tree appearance" also note the left Vesicoureteric reflux!!!
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November 2004
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High resolution volume imaging of airways and lung parenchyma with multislice CT.
Chooi WK, Morcos SK.Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Herries Road, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK.
The value of multislice CT (MSCT) in imaging the peripheral airways and lung parenchyma has not been widely investigated. In this article the authors' experience in the use of MSCT (4-slice scanner) in imaging patients with suspected parenchymal lung disease or airways abnormalities will be presented. The technique described should be modified with the more modern 8-slice or 16-slice scanners. The whole thorax is scanned contiguously using 4 x 1 mm collimation from the lung bases up to apices in end-inspiration while the patient is in the prone position. Collimation of 2 x 0.5 mm is used at 8-10 levels evenly spaced in expiratory scans and also in the breathless patient who is scanned during gentle breathing. High resolution images of the lungs (1 mm slice thickness) are reconstructed in the following planes: axial (10 mm apart from apices to bases), coronal (six evenly spaced through the chest) and sagittal (four images evenly spaced through each lung). Paddlewheel reconstruction is used if further assessment of the airways is required, and three-dimensional imaging is used mainly for assessment of the trachea and major bronchi. Contiguous axial images (10 mm slice thickness) of the whole lung and mediastinum are also produced and referred to as a screenogram. Axial images of 1 mm slice thickness are produced with expiratory scans and for breathless patients. All the images are produced independently by the radiographic staff and are provided as hard copies (20 frames/film) for reporting. However, if facilities are adequate, direct reporting from the workstation is more effective in reviewing large number of images. The technique is effective in assessment of infiltrative lung disease, emphysema, bronchiectasis and central airways. The screenogram offers comprehensive evaluation of the lung and mediastinum, but the radiation dose associated with high resolution volume imaging remains a source of concern.
Br J Radiol. 2004 Dec;77 Suppl 1:S98-S105.
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Posted in
November 2004
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MR detects pancreatic islet inflammation in type 1 diabetes
CONTEXT: In type 1 diabetes, the body's immune system mistakenly launches an attack on insulin-producing beta cells, sending T cells to invade pancreatic islets. Until recently, physicians could track type 1 diabetes only by monitoring blood levels of antibodies directed against pancreatic islet proteins. The test, however, usually detected type 1 diabetes late in its progression, after most islet beta cells had been destroyed and autoimmune processes had been played out. Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital and Boston's Joslin Diabetes Center are using magnetofluorescence contrast nanoparticles, monitored with high-field MR, to devise a better test. It measures the permeability of the small blood vessels surrounding and within the islets, an early marker of this inflammation.
RESULTS: The technique has been successfully tested on a mouse model. For imaging, long-circulating magnetofluorescent nanoparticles were used. They consist of a superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) core, a crosslinked dextran coating, and amino groups to which Alexa-488 fluorochrome is attached. Transgenic mice were imaged with an 8.5T micro-MR scanner 24 hours after contrast injection. Contrast accumulation was monitored in vivo, and a positive correlation between probe accumulation and insulitis was documented.
IMAGE: Higher MR relativities were measured in the pancreas of normal mice compared with diabetic mice 24 hours after contrast injection. (Image reprinted with permission of Proceedings of the National Academy of Science)
IMPLICATIONS: This imaging strategy may prove invaluable in helping identify early insulitis and for monitoring therapeutic interventions aimed at stopping its progression. MGH has already safely used the method in human clinical trials to detect the spread of prostate cancers to the lymph nodes.
u get the latest on sumer's radiology site
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Posted in
November 2004
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aiims nov 2004
cost-150/-
new concept-online support with mcq discussion board
www.sumerdoc.blogspot.com
highlights-extensive flowcharts and diagrams with special emphasis on protocols. beautiful explaination of the flow-volume curve with to the point diagrams.
features-fully solved and explained by sumer sethi and sidharth sethi is available in the market...highlights of the book are authentic references including harrisons 16th edition, diagrams and flowcharts, extensive coverage of topics so that all repeat questions are tackled...and first book of its kind to give extensive online support with an online discussion forum support by the author.. also by the same author "review of radiology" solving quite a few questions in this aiims!! and may 2004 aiims fully solved peepee publishers..one of the main features of this book is in the reference the author has not modified the exact language of the text taken from standard textbooks so that it is very reliable not biased by personal beliefs.. personal beliefs or fundas built without text basis are usually disastrous for mcq exams so emphasis has been kept on what the latest and most standard books say.. wherever possible and required multiple references have been given...
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November 2004
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Acute appendicitis. Ultrasound examination of the right lower quadrant demonstrates a tubular, hyporeflective, noncompressible structure with diameter of 8 mm. Hyporeflective aspect of adjacent fatty tissue is due to inflammatory oedema.
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November 2004
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Pulmonary Nodules on Multi-Detector Row CT Scans: Performance Comparison of Radiologists and Computer-aided Detection.
Rubin GD, Lyo JK, Paik DS, Sherbondy AJ, Chow LC, Leung AN, Mindelzun R, Schraedley-Desmond PK, Zinck SE, Naidich DP, Napel S.Departments of Radiology and Electrical Engineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, S-072, Stanford, CA 94305-5105.
PURPOSE: To compare the performance of radiologists and of a computer-aided detection (CAD) algorithm for pulmonary nodule detection on thin-section thoracic computed tomographic (CT) scans.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was approved by the institutional review board. The requirement of informed consent was waived. Twenty outpatients (age range, 15-91 years; mean, 64 years) were examined with chest CT (multi-detector row scanner, four detector rows, 1.25-mm section thickness, and 0.6-mm interval) for pulmonary nodules. Three radiologists independently analyzed CT scans, recorded the locus of each nodule candidate, and assigned each a confidence score. A CAD algorithm with parameters chosen by using cross validation was applied to the 20 scans. The reference standard was established by two experienced thoracic radiologists in consensus, with blind review of all nodule candidates and free search for additional nodules at a dedicated workstation for three-dimensional image analysis. True-positive (TP) and false-positive (FP) results and confidence levels were used to generate free-response receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots. Double-reading performance was determined on the basis of TP detections by either reader.
RESULTS: The 20 scans showed 195 noncalcified nodules with a diameter of 3 mm or more (reference reading). Area under the alternative free-response ROC curve was 0.54, 0.48, 0.55, and 0.36 for CAD and readers 1-3, respectively. Differences between reader 3 and CAD and between readers 2 and 3 were significant (P < .05); those between CAD and readers 1 and 2 were not significant. Mean sensitivity for individual readings was 50% (range, 41%-60%); double reading resulted in increase to 63% (range, 56%-67%). With CAD used at a threshold allowing only three FP detections per CT scan, mean sensitivity was increased to 76% (range, 73%-78%). CAD complemented individual readers by detecting additional nodules more effectively than did a second reader; CAD-reader weighted kappa values were significantly lower than reader-reader weighted kappa values (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P < .05).
CONCLUSION: With CAD used at a level allowing only three FP detections per CT scan, sensitivity was substantially higher than with conventional double reading.
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Posted in
November 2004
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Tuberculosis risk high among Indian resident physicians
Resident doctors in India have nearly nine times the risk of contracting tuberculosis from their patients than the general population has of contracting the disease, researchers from Chandigarh, India, report.
"Due to the exceptionally high burden of tuberculosis in the general population in India, it is expected that doctors caring for such patients have a high probability of acquiring the disease," Dr. KG Rao and colleagues write.
To assess this increased risk, Dr. KG Rao and colleagues from the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research evaluated 873 doctors in various stages of their residencies.
The resulting study population was divided into two groups: group one - comprised of 470 doctors who were already undergoing residency in January 2001 when the study began, and group two, comprising 231 residents who joined during 2001. Researchers administered a detailed questionnaire on their medical history, previous and present exposure to tuberculosis, and treatment to group one at the start of the study and to group two after completion one year of training.
Thirteen residents in both groups, including nine (1.9%) in group one and 4 (1.7%) in group two contacted tuberculosis during the course of residency, giving an overall risk of 17.3 per 1000, nearly nine times higher than the population risk in India, Dr. Rao and colleagues report in the November issue of International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis was predominant, with six (67%) residents in group 1 and three (75%) from group 2 developing this severe form of the disease, the researchers add. The incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis was significantly higher in the general population, probably because of repeated contact and prior exposure to tuberculosis, they suggest.
As compared to a previous 40-year cohort study on tuberculosis risk in US physicians, the risk of tuberculosis among Indian residents was eight times higher, the authors note. This could be due to the low tuberculosis prevalence in the US, they postulate.
"The most appropriate method of preventing such transmission is effective treatment of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients with standard four-drug anti-tuberculosis therapy, as most patients become non-infectious after 2 weeks of treatment if the organism is drug-sensitive," the authors conclude.
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Posted in
November 2004
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MR, axial T2-weighted image, shows the absent vermis and hypoplasia of the cerebellar hemispheres and a large posterior fossa cyst!!
THE DANDY WALKER MALFORMATION!!!
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Posted in
November 2004
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